Although Defence forces typically acquire aircraft with engines and related systems that have already been certified by other airworthiness authorities, engine HUMS may not have been covered by the original certification program or the original certification programs may not have been applicable to the configurations, roles and environment in which the customer intends to operate the aircraft. Thus, additional customer-specific certification effort may be required. Novare can manage or conduct independent certification programs for engines and HUMS on behalf of its clients.